The Effects Of Global Climate Change On The World

The effects of global climate change are everywhere from major cities to the under populated arctics. Most people just call it global warming, but it is not. By calling it global warming people are assuming that everywhere in the world, temperatures are rising and that it will be hotter all year long, but this is not the case. This is why the scientific community calls it global climate change, because it can be hotter in the Summer time and colder in the Winter time. Global climate change occurs naturally over the Earth’s life cycle, hence ice ages, but due to humans after the post industrial period in the past 200 years, the speed of the change has been dramatically accelerated. Global climate change is mostly caused by humans polluting the atmosphere with carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases, which are gases that absorb heat. Humans are putting greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by the use of automobiles, power plants, and factories. The effects of global cli mate change affect everyone and everything. One example of this is polar bears; the polar bear’s habitat in the arctic is melting away, as their ice melts the sea levels will rise putting cities like Norfolk and New York under water. Global climate change, is accelerated by humans,and its impacts can be felt on a global level but can be lessened with changes to everyday life. Over the last 650,000 years the Earth’s climate has been through about seven ice ages(â€Å"Climate change: How do we know†). TheShow MoreRelatedGlobal Climate Change Causes And Effects On The Environment And The World s Oceans916 Words   |  4 Pagesknow about global climate change? Do you think we create this problem in the twentieth-first century to damage our planet. This problem started at the beginning of civilization and became worse during the Industrial Revolution of the eighteenth century. Older generations generated more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere due to the burning of fossil fuel and deforestation. More carbon dioxide had a negative impact on the ecosystems of the planet. And the scientific definition of global climate representsRead MoreEssay about The Effects of CO2 in Climate Change1562 Words   |  7 Pagesthe topic of climate change, it is essential to begin with a brief definition of climate change to know exactly what it is. Anup Shah of gl obalissues.org defines climate change as â€Å"an increase in average global temperatures†¦caused by the increase in greenhouse gasses such as Carbon Dioxide, or CO2† (Shah, 2014). This process, of course, is global warming which, in turn, leads to climate change. Although climate change is considered one of the most significant threats facing the world today, thereRead MoreEnvironmental Case Analysis: the Risks of Global Climate Change1185 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Case Analysis: The Risks of Global Climate Change Introduction The natural world seems to be deteriorating around us, and it seems to be our fault. We are uncertain about the extent of the deterioration, the means that would reverse it, and the prospects for human life in the future (Newton, Dillingham, Choly, 2006, p. x). The environment and its protection is an extremely serious issue. Many environmental issues exist including endangered species, waste pollution, over populationRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On Our Planet s Ecosystem1173 Words   |  5 PagesMother Earth is burning as we speak; humanity has killed our precious Earth. Global-warming is a vicious killer that was created by the humans on this Earth, and there s no way to cure it. We, as humans, have the power to cleanse the Earth, but instead we destroy it. Heat is absorbed by carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases. A greenhouse gas absorbs thermal radiation emitted by the Earth s surface. As the sun s energy reaches the Earth’s surface, some of it is released into space, some is absorbedRead MoreThe Issue Of Global Warming1338 Words   |  6 PagesOver the past years, the controversial issue of global warming has been primarily brought to the attention of the public. Global warming is generally assumed to be the main cause of rising average global temperature. The climate on the Earth is changing and there is no big surprise. It is believed that global warming is caused by many natural and manmade activities, which is affecting the planet by the seconds, minutes, hours, days, and years. Many may not even care about this serious issue, butRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Earth1587 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal climate change is having disastrous effects on the planet and it is too late to change many of these impacts. However, there are some that can be limited by changes humans make in their daily lives. There is scientific evidence that shows how global warming is impacting the Earth. One example is how the global temperature h as risen a few tenths of a degree (Sandor 2004). This may not sound like much but it can have huge effects on the plant life, like trees blooming earlier which in returnRead MoreClimate Change Is Defined By Dictionary.com As A Long Term Change1750 Words   |  7 PagesDecember 2016 Climate Change Climate change is defined by Dictionary.com as â€Å"A long-term change in the earth’s climate, especially a change due to an increase in the average atmospheric temperature† (â€Å"The Definition of Climate Change†). Climate change can be separated into four categories which are: evidences, causes, effects, and solutions. These categories help to find out what climate change is and how we can stop it. There are many questions that arise when talking about climate change, and oneRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1630 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Related Threats Global warming will lead to uncontrollable devastation such as famine, war, and economic instability. Climate change will accelerate the dislocation of hundreds of millions of people and the extinction of many species. The negative effects of climate change are obvious on every continent. Professor Le Quere, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia said, The human influence on climate change is clear. The atmosphere andRead MoreWhat Role Has Human Activity Played in Causing Climate Change?678 Words   |  3 PagesThe change in global climate is the most powerful problem that currently occurs on the earth. The problems of climate change may be caused by both of human activities and natural events. Climate change is the changes that affect the world’s weather, including shifts in temperature, ocean level, land, and precipitation. The climate change phenomenon can affect everything in the world not only natural environment, b ut also human society, and the world economy. This essay aims to evaluate the role ofRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1544 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming is one of the vigorously discussed topic on Earth today. According to a TechMedia Network, â€Å"Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth’s climate.† (â€Å"Global Warming †¦ Effects†). We have been witnessing the change in Earth’s climate since past few years, and we are well aware of the consequences of climate change as well. Global warming

The Influence Of German Exiles And Refugees On The World

The Influence of German Exiles and Refugees on the world. The outcome of World war II as we know it may have been very different without the influence of refugees from Nazi Germany. As the Third Reich marched across Europe, little was known of the technological advancements being made inside the country. New and advanced weapons were being created to crush any and all resistance against Hitler s armies. Among these weapons are the V-2 Rocket, The Messerschmitt ME-262 jet fighter, and the atomic bomb. These weapons would change warfare in the 20th century and beyond. Without the help of German exiles, these technologies would have never fallen into allied hands yielding a much different outcome of the second world war and the Cold War.†¦show more content†¦Adolf Hitler seized complete control in 1934 and began to Discriminate against specific religions and ethnicities. The main group Target by Hitler s Regime was the Jewish community. Top Jewish scientists were fired and many fled the country to escape the Nazis and continue their research. Einstein fled to the United states in 1933 before Hitler gained complete control and Fermi in 1938. Both continued experiments on atomic energy at Universities in the U.S. The following year, the threat was realized when German scientists published the results of a successful attempt at creating a nuclear fission reaction. With a vast knowledge of the danger the test imposes on the world, Einstein sends a letter to President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. In the letter, he urges the FDR to recognize the pending threat and begin to accelerate research and experimentation on a nuclear weapon. He also asks to stockpile the radioactive substance uranium and to fund a project to create the weapon. Both Uranium and money were necessary to beat the Germans in nuclear power, so the Manhattan project is born. General Leslie Groves is placed in command of the project while J. Robert Oppenheimer is named the lead scientist. As the war continued, the Manhattan project was placed as top priority and also deemed top secret. It was moved to Los Alamos, New Mexico in 1943. The race was underway and now in full swing. The Manhattan project was comprised of the top scientists from any of the allied

A Discourse Theory of Citizenship Free Essays

A Discourse Theory of Citizenship This article discusses the concept of citizenship and how citizenship as a form of public engagement is crucial to democracy as a whole. The author, Robert Asen, presents a new view that citizenship is a dynamic mode of public engagement. The first section of the article discusses questions about public beliefs and perspectives. We will write a custom essay sample on A Discourse Theory of Citizenship or any similar topic only for you Order Now The second section of the article discusses how citizenship is a mode of public engagement. The third section discusses how public engagement must be examined and what can be learned from that analysis. The final section discusses how the concept of citizenship can be extended through the author’s Discourse Theory. The first part of the article begins by explaining how within the public and even within groups all sets of views or values are not universal. This means that it is a challenge to represent the views of groups. This also means that members of groups need to stand up for their views. For example, if you are part of a human rights organization, but do not approve of their stated views on a particular country, you should make your voice heard. This presents a challenge to group leadership because they have to make the group’s stated views more general in order to not alienate any of the participants. In addition, people do not have a general view on how decisions should be made. For example, the article mentioned how the activist AIDS organization, ACT UP, had a great deal of trouble coming up with a consensus about whether or not they should testify in front of Congress. These facts mean that the views and perspectives of a group of people, their subjectivity, is more of an ever-changing process than a static group of opinions and should be treated as such. This idea is significant to communication as a whole because it helps understand why it is important to constantly make sure that no one’s views in a group are being marginalized. The next section discussed how citizenship is a mode of public engagement. It explains that citizenship is not a group of well-defined privileges that come with legally living in a country, but instead it is much more. It is a way of getting involved with the world around you. Citizenship is a process of dealing with the world that influences the views and beliefs of the public. It does not have to come from only voting; it exists in multiple modes. Some of these modes include consumer choices, work habits, and volunteer work. These sorts of actions could be more important than voting alone. This is because voting does not show your views in great personal detail and therefore does not always help advance your personal beliefs into public discussion. Voting only ascribes your views to one of two general view sets, which most people do not generally agree with completely. The other forms of citizenship, such as volunteering at a soup kitchen, can more accurately represent your views and ideas of how the world ought to be run. This is because the public sees how you are acting to directly make a change in society and may decide to join you in your cause. As the article says, â€Å" Democracy’s heart does not beat in the halls of Congress or in the voting booth, but in everyday enactments of citizenship† (Asen, 197). The important communication concept that can be taken from this section, is that the power of democracy rests on normal people and not on elected officials or bureaucrats. This makes it extremely important that one’s views are expressed both in public discourse and in the way one lives their life. The responsibilities of living in a democracy do not only come once every two years for elections, but are present every day during human interactions. The next section discusses how public engagement in the form of citizenship must be examined. Public engagement is not a static set of concepts, but instead a fluid, dynamic process of interaction that occurs at a personal level. Consequently, it is different from person to person and must be treated specially. The dynamic nature of citizenship makes it impossible to make specific theories of how the public engages in citizenship. This means that there cannot be true experts in the analysis of human-to-human interaction. It does not, however, prevent qualitative analysis of public engagement in citizenship. This section also discussed how it is inherently risky to engage in citizenship. The risk occurs when an individual’s views are known and the public becomes aware of one’s beliefs. For example, participating in a Pro-Choice organization could lead some of your Pro-Life neighbors to dislike you for your views. On the other hand, there is a social benefit to this risk because it can expose you to people who share similar views to you. This common bond of risk unites organizations and makes them stronger over time. The important communication topic in this section is that communicating your views involves risk, but that risk is worthwhile because it can lead to stronger social ties. The last section focused on how the definition of citizenship is expanded when the author’s Discourse Theory of Citizenship is applied. The definition of citizenship is traditionally limited to the rights and privileges that are granted to individuals who are legally living in a country. With the application of this new theory, the definition can be expanded in a few ways. First the, relationship between the citizen and citizenship has been reformulated. No longer is citizenship just the product of being a citizen, but instead it is a way of acting. Second, citizenship is not something that all citizens have equally. While every citizen can vote, the affect he/she has on public discourse also depends on power and money. For example, a rich individual can attend special interest meetings that require large donations in order to participate. This makes these people more capable of influencing what laws are ultimately passed. Another example is how in the past and still to a certain extent now, race can either help or hinder one’s level of citizenship. The third expansion of our understanding of citizenship is through the analysis of hybrid cases of citizenship. Hybrid cases of citizenship are instances when normal everyday acts are also forms of citizenship. One example of this is if an individual spends more money at an organic food store because they want to support the organic food industry. The expansion of the definition of citizenship through the Discourse Theory of Citizenship allows for a better understanding of citizenship and how public communication in many different forms is responsible for maintaining an effective democracy. When communicating through citizenship, it is important to understand that the citizenship includes more than just voting. It also includes everyday person-to-person interactions, buying choices, and group memberships. By understanding citizenship through this expanded definition, it is possible to better focus public discourse in ways that can advance one’s personal beliefs and goals. How to cite A Discourse Theory of Citizenship, Papers

Project Management For Engineering Risk

Question: Discuss about the Project Management For Engineering Risk. Answer: Introduction: The risk management helps in identifying and analyzing risks. It is used to take steps for reducing risks to an acceptable phase. The approach helps to determine tools, techniques, processes, responsibilities and roles for a particular project. The plan of risk management describes way in which risk management is structured and performed on the project. The instance of China blasts that took place in Tianjin port city is considered an epitome. The primary objective of this report is to recognize and assess the risks. A plan is to be created to measure and monitor performance. The process used for analyzing the strategic issues is needed to be described. The primary challenges are needed to be criticized having a significant effect on the risks related to various engineering activities. The risk management tools and its identifications are effectively employed. Lastly, risk perception, risk communication and various factors behind risk assessments are demonstrated in the study. Key issues affecting risks related to engineering activities: Safeguarding business from fraudulent activities is a core component of the entire strategy of risk management credits. An effective risk management is a challenge for various companies that never have different systems of risk management in place (Haimes, 2015). Some of them relevant to the China blast are described hereafter. The risk management after initialization is a repetitive task dealing with assessment, planning, implementing, controlling and monitoring performed measurements and enforced security policies. Safety management system: It is the safety management to manage business activities and then applying frameworks, principles and processes for preventing accidents, injuries and minimize the residual risks. The system of safety management is a systematic method for managing safety (Wu, Chen Olson, 2014). This includes the organizational structures, policies, procedures and accountabilities. It is scalable, and hence it could be tailored to the complexity and size of organizations. Environmental management system: It is the system that helps to gain environmental goals via consistent evaluation, review and development of the environmental performances. This constant review and revision recognize scopes to improve and implement the environmental performance of the companies. This never dictates the level of environmental performance that is needed to be achieved. The environmental management system is tailored to individual targets and objectives (Almeida et al., 2015). The environmental management systems have been addressing regulatory demands in a proper and cost-effective way. It is proactive approach and helping to decrease risks of the non-compliance. This also enhances the safety and health practices of the public and staffs. It also helps in addressing non-regulated problems (Glendon, Clarke McKenna, 2016). Examples of this are the energy conservation. This has been promoting the core operational controls and the stewardships of the employees. Monitoring the portfolio: The risks are to be identified sooner through monitoring changes in the portfolio. This is done with the proactive notifications and alerts. The services must combine various credit attributes, risk scores and the additional segmentation tools. This provides a robust tool to manage risks. Identifying the risks and scopes within the portfolio: The overall profitability could be increased by accurately pinpointing risks related to the individual accounts (Park et al., 2013). Access must be provided to the involved account-level and internal customer data. This allows eradicating the credit risk and creating the retention programs or recognizing the cross-sell scopes. Automating the credit decisions: The multiple data sources must be tapped. The advanced analytics must be accessed to create a consistent and quick credit decisions around the complete organization. Various decisions products help in mitigating the risks actively with streamlining the credit decision processes. Identification and risk management tools: Employing risk identification: To effectively employ determination and tools of risk management for suggesting and analyzing the realistic scenarios of risk is described in this section. The developing of risk management strategies are also demonstrated here. The kinds of risks have been varying from business to business. However, preparation of the risk management plan has involved a general process. The risk management plan details the strategy to deal with the risks particular to the business (Lam, 2014). Time allocation is important. The resources and budget to prepare the risk management plan and business impact assessment are also vital. It helps in meeting the legal obligations to provide safe workplace and could decrease the likelihood of the incident adversely affecting business. Risk management tools: These are discussed below: Inventorying In the project of risk management, one of the difficult parts is to keep track of the services, devices, applications and additional resources that are already fielded. Without knowing what has been inside systematic evaluation of the effect of a provided vulnerability is impossible (Bromiley et al., 2015). Further, without knowing what devices have been supporting tools for assisting the current asset inventory one cannot analyze the disruption or the extent of the compromise to those events. Hence one never has tool for assisting to keep resource inventory. One should consider some open-source and free options in that area. Risk tracking There have been many tools that are free. These could be used for tracking risks and the mitigations. This also helps in visualizing dangers by severity, generate reports and finish the other items of logistics legworks. The threat analysis The universes of threats are to be analyzed existing and analyzing the risks of the organization. This might rise because it could be challenging (Pritchard PMP, 2014). Possessing the tool helping in automation and streamlining process is useful. Vulnerability information In many cases, there has been no substitute for the scanning of vulnerability to find out what technical weaknesses has existed the present scenario. Monitoring In dealing with reality, the current monitoring of environment is a crucial part of the holistic process of risk management. This is because unexpected downtimes or changes are potentially symptomatic of the risks coming to pass. This has also been impacting the risk environment. Risk management strategies: The strategies for dealing with the threats are discussed hereafter. Avoidance This eradicates the risk through eliminating the reasons. This has been leading to not doing the tasks or doing the jobs differently. Project managers should also isolate or change the objective that has been in trouble. This could be done through improving communication taking place between the stakeholders or through the use of expertise (Munier, 2016). An instance of this approach is extension of schedule of changing of scope of the project activities. The risks that are too hazardous are also another example. This might lead to loss of life and could be done way through closing the project entirely. Transfer In the approach of risk transfer, the risk could be shifted to the third party. This includes third parties such as the insurance vendors or companies. They are paid for accepting or handling risk on behalf of the company. Thus ownership and effect of uncertainty get developed by the third parties. The payment is known as the risk premium. The contracts are being signed for transferring the responsibilities of risks to third parties (Wolke, 2017). The transfer of risks never eliminates the risk. However, it eradicates direct effect of the risk on the project. Some transference tools are the performance bonds, insurance policies, warranties and so on. The approach is ingenious to cover the economic risk exposure. Analyzing applicability, usefulness and limitations of risk analysis as decision-making tool: The risk for the China blasts has consisted of two parts. The first one is probability of anything that goes wrong. The second one is reverse outcomes. The risk could be hard to find. Besides, risk analysis is an effective business tool for tasks involving various risks. This helps in identifying and making sense of risks faced while taking decisions (Bowers Khorakian, 2014). Thus it helps in managing risks and decreasing the effects of the plans. Usefulness of risk analysis as a decision-making tool: The usefulness of risk analysis takes place in various cases. The first case is when projects are planned for helping to neutralize and anticipate the potential issues. It is useful when it is decided whether or not to go forward with the given project. Further risk analysis is important in the situations of developing safety and manages the effective risks at work (Hopkin, 2017). Next, risk assessment is helpful to prepare for events line technology or equipment failure, staff illness, natural disasters and theft. Lastly, risk analysis helps to plan for changes in environment like when new competitors emerge in the market or there happen any alterations on the government policy. The different approaches that could be carried out for detailed analysis for the China blasts are discussed hereafter. First of all, the above list should be fetched as the one to see that whether any threats have been relevant. Structures, processes and systems must be thought about that are used and assess the risks for any of those parts (Islam, Mouratidis Weippl, 2014). Vulnerabilities are needed to be spotted under them. Other people could be asked who might have different view-points. As a decision maker of a team, the people could be asked for the input. The other employees must be consulted including those who have been running same kind of projects. Applicability of risk analysis as a decision-making tool: There has been no definitive answer to the questions about the standard metric for knowing the proper status of application security. The unanswered questions displayed gateway for the attackers in continuing exploiting applications (Sadgrove, 2016). Thus, a security metric quantifying the risk that is posed by the applications has been significant to undertake decision in the thwart attacks and security management. At present various generic risks assessment metrics could apply to assess the ASR or Application Security Risk for the China blasts. It has not been encompassing the primary elements of the application security like the efficiency of countermeasure, compliance and application priority. Thus the outcomes have been performing commensuration with real risks that are posed by the application security (Modarres, Kaminskiy Krivtsov, 2016). The actual application security has been perceived and never measured. Thus, companies have been unable to impose the needed controls of security. Moreover, business is unaware of susceptibility of applications to attack. It has been the primary reason for the consistent attacks on the applications besides deploying the strong security measures. The measurement of application of security risks has needed a specially designed metric involving every factor of the application security. Limitations of risk analysis as a decision-making tool: The controlling of risks has been involving the usage of the current resources for handling the situations along with deploying the contingency plans is investment in alternative resources for accomplishing the objectives of the projects (Bahr, 2014). The review of plan of risk management with the team assures that every member knows the ramifications of possible limitations and solutions. The effective analysis of risk analysis has been depending on the identifying of limitations of the techniques used. They are discussed below. Limitations Discussion Lack of data Various risk assessment tools have been involving the collection of data. For instance, the creation of simulations or models has been helping to predict the effects of events like natural disasters that generates from the harsh weather conditions. However, unfortunately, the generation of the proper models needs a high collection of data (Nicholas Steyn, 2017). This has been costly and never reliable completely. Further, legal and ethical or social needs might override the economic advantages. The usage of data for making decisions is not wise as the usage of simple indicators never display the complicated realities of the cases at hand. The application of choice meant for the little aspect of the project to the complete project has been resulting in unforeseen results. Insufficient assessment time and expertise The usage of decision trees of assessing the risks has been supplying the comprehensive input. However, consequences of assessment rise from the myriad of the possibilities providing unwieldy (Mazaheri, Montewka Kujala, 2014). The latest technologies help in using the software programs in simulating activities causing adverse effects on project schedules. These projects turn out to be more cost-efficient. Besides this, comprehensive knowledge and skill are needed in interpreting the outcomes properly. The complicated programs along with various variables need the trained personnel. They have been not assigned to the projects. In the same way the assessment of historical data for determining possible threats needs the access to prior project documentation and the proficiency to interpret criteria utilized to evaluate risks on the previous efforts (Carvalho Rabechini Junior, 2015). The dependency on historical data has been alone creating the fake sense of the security as any up-to-d ate knowledge and skills are not applicable by the trained personnel. However, although largely expert individuals work to define threats and suggest resolutions, the time is insufficient to collect the expertise of every people. Thus the conflicts get raised. The qualitative analysis through utilizing the conversational input has been helpful to recognize risks. However, numerical data generates through quantitative methods is also used for balancing the decision making. Analyzing risk communication and perception and development of risk communication skills and plans: Risk perception: The individuals reacting to the risks have been consistent to idea of risk. This has been their viewpoint influencing action or behavior. The making sense of the individual risk perception of natural hazards has been needed to affect the inaccurate beliefs regarding the agents of hazards and the impacts. This also includes unawareness of the adjustments available and could have wrong beliefs regarding the affectivity of the adjustments that they have known. The research indicates that adaptive actions get motivated through awareness of risks, ideas of how that could affect any community. This also includes feelings of personal vulnerability to effective outcomes. Risk communication: From the view-point of the decision maker, the reason behind risk communication is to help the dwellers of the affected communities to make sense of the risk management and assessment processes. This is from various scientifically valid view-points of the likely risks. This also includes the participating to make decisions regarding how the risks are controlled. The communication tools of the risks could be the verbal, written or visual statements consisting of the information regarding risks. There must be specific risk in this context. These must be possibly incorporating the comparisons with the additional risks. This also includes advice regarding behavior of risk reduction and encouraging dialogue between the receiver and sender of the message. Risk communication plans and skills: During the time of non-crisis, the ineffective risk communication results in low-impact, wasted resources and the other undesirable results. However, during the crisis messages get lost in the noise. Thus unintended results, rejection of messages and public confusion or fear takes place. While deployed effectively, the risk communication is invaluable technique for the engendering trust. Thus it helps in safeguarding the organizational value and helps public to undertake informed decisions. As per as the profitable organizations are concerned, the risk communication skills and plans get benefitted through assuring that the potential customers, customers and public members have the information they require to evaluate health effects of the operations and products effectively. Keeping public aware of the potential risks, corporations reduce danger to the consumers and protect themselves from the reputational harms. This stems from human or the environmental damage. As public turns out to be more educated, they can take more informed decisions regarding the health and well be. The various skills and plans needed risk communication are highlighted below. The finding of the societal and psychological determinants of risk communications via a scientific and systematic overview of the literature of risk communication. The strategic communication of the risk information including the designing of messaging, audience segmentation and performing the risk communications. Determination of the formats of message construction of risks, including the narratives, fear and exemplars. The recognition of statistical principles for understanding the way in which the risk information gets developed. The behavioral economies and the role in communicating the risks. Evaluating the effect of risk communication introducing the significant methods like the focus groups, nominal group surveys, techniques and experiments. Conclusion: The risk is identified in the above report as probability of various harmful consequences of the blasts that took place in Tianjin port city, China. This included the causalities, lost livelihoods, damage to the environment, disrupted economic activity and damaged property. The above comprehensive risk analysis has evaluated the likelihood and magnitude of possible losses. The study has also provided complete understanding of the reasons and effect of the injuries. Apart from estimating potential losses and the result, the risk analysis has allowed the determining of acceptable risk levels. This also included the finding of the level of damages suitable without demolishing lives, plans of disaster reduction, revised strategies and so on. As the existing and the acceptable risk levels are found out, the ideas for disaster risk reduction and the procedures are developed and revised. Hence they possess measurable goals to reduce the present risks to various acceptable levels. To counter the current disaster risks in a systematic manner, land use plans or set in place the mechanisms of insurance mechanisms are fundamental. Lastly, as programs get implemented the regular evaluation of the risk supplies explicit indication of the development in reduction of risks. Thus they are helpful to assess the affectivity of efforts of disaster risk reduction and making required changes to different strategies and plans. References: Almeida, N. M., Sousa, V., Dias, L. A., Branco, F. (2015). Engineering risk management in performance-based building environments.Journal of Civil Engineering and Management,21(2), 218-230. Bahr, N. J. (2014).System safety engineering and risk assessment: a practical approach. CRC Press. Bowers, J., Khorakian, A. (2014). Integrating risk management in the innovation project.European Journal of innovation management,17(1), 25-40. Bromiley, P., McShane, M., Nair, A., Rustambekov, E. (2015). Enterprise risk management: Review, critique, and research directions.Long range planning,48(4), 265-276. Carvalho, M. M. D., Rabechini Junior, R. (2015). Impact of risk management on project performance: the importance of soft skills.International Journal of Production Research,53(2), 321-340. Explosions death toll rises in China as safety fears revealed. (2017).ABC News. Retrieved 1 December 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-13/tianjin-explosion-44-killed-safety-officials-met-week-earlier/6696260 Glendon, A. I., Clarke, S., McKenna, E. (2016).Human safety and risk management. Crc Press. Haimes, Y. Y. (2015).Risk modeling, assessment, and management. John Wiley Sons. Hopkin, P. (2017).Fundamentals of risk management: understanding, evaluating and implementing effective risk management. Kogan Page Publishers. Islam, S., Mouratidis, H., Weippl, E. R. (2014). An empirical study on the implementation and evaluation of a goal-driven software development risk management model.Information and Software Technology,56(2), 117-133. Lam, J. (2014).Enterprise risk management: from incentives to controls. John Wiley Sons. Massive blasts hit north China city. (2017).BBC News. Retrieved 1 December 2017, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-33896292 Massive warehouse explosion rocks Tianjin, China. (2017).NewsComAu. Retrieved 1 December 2017, from https://www.news.com.au/world/asia/massive-warehouse-explosion-rocks-tianjin-china/news-story/494790aae9c3500f8146a3d938357d9e Mazaheri, A., Montewka, J., Kujala, P. (2014). Modeling the risk of ship groundinga literature review from a risk management perspective.WMU journal of maritime affairs,13(2), 269-297. Modarres, M., Kaminskiy, M. P., Krivtsov, V. (2016).Reliability engineering and risk analysis: a practical guide. CRC press. Munier, N. (2016).Risk management for engineering projects. Springer International Pu. Nicholas, J. M., Steyn, H. (2017).Project management for engineering, business and technology. Taylor Francis. Park, J., Seager, T. P., Rao, P. S. C., Convertino, M., Linkov, I. (2013). Integrating risk and resilience approaches to catastrophe management in engineering systems.Risk Analysis,33(3), 356-367. Pritchard, C. L., PMP, P. R. (2014).Risk management: concepts and guidance. CRC Press. Sadgrove, K. (2016).The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Stockton, N., Ellis, E., Palmer, K., Zhang, S., Zhang, S., Zhang, S., Palmer, K. (2017).What Chinas Huge Tianjin Explosion Looked Like From Space.WIRED. Retrieved 1 December 2017, from https://www.wired.com/2015/08/chinas-huge-tianjin-explosion-looked-like-space/ Wolke, T. (2017).Risk Management. Walter de Gruyter GmbH Co KG. Wu, D. D., Chen, S. H., Olson, D. L. (2014). Business intelligence in risk management: Some recent progresses.Information Sciences,256, 1-7.

Christopher Pennington Essays - Macroeconomics, Economy, Economics

Christopher Pennington 12/6/16 ECN 230 Final Exam Essay Questions A most recent situation where I had to make a choice between things because of the scarcity of money was I needed to purchase a new shirt and tie for a funeral I was attending. I knew this moment would come and I had picked out a nice shirt and tie almost a week before but did not just yet purchase it knowing I had other liabilities to take care of first. So, when the time came around the day before the funeral with the money I had I really couldn't purchase the shirt and tie I had sought after originally. So, I had 3 options. The first one was to use a shirt and tie I already had, purchase a new shirt but use a tie I already had, or try my luck and see if I can purchase 2 of the items for the price of one. After a little bit of last minute shopping I came across a T.J. Maxx store which offered me a nice white dress shirt and to what I believe was a nicer tie than the one I had sought after at the much higher end store. Both items I was able to purchase for way less than the two item s would be at the higher end store. A moment where I have more things to do than time would be always waiting the last minute to do my accounting homework. I tend to wait till the last minute to do this homework when it always takes me way more time to fully complete it then I expect. Three ways I can constitute to doing a better job with my time management Is do the homework days before its due so I can check it and ask questions if I have any, Prioritize the homework questions by category for example "high priority", "medium priority", or "low priority" that way I know beforehand which questions I can get done easily and the ones I'll need to pay more attention to. And lastly, I could establish a routine so that I can start practicing these steps so that I will not do my accounting homework last minute but all my other classes if needed. In each scenario, I carefully weighed my options pertaining to which would be more time efficient and cost savvy. In the scenario with the shirt and tie I had to use both time and spending techniques. Time because it was last minute the night before which was a Sunday and stores closed early I also had to work that same night so my window for time was kind of short not enough to really shop around. So, I compiled a list of 3 stores all within the same distance and all 3 where cheaper than the one original store I shopped at. In the scenario in regards to my homework I used my utility of starting my homework earlier and prioritizing my homework so that if need be there were any corrections or questions that needed to be asked it would also get done ahead of time and when it was time for the homework to be due I had no problems turning it in. Government policies which are designed to influence aggregate demand such as fiscal and monetary policies may require policy maker to choose between inflation and unemployment because firstly Fiscal policy determines government spending and tax rates. It usually increases government spending in in areas such as infrastructure, education, and unemployment benefits. Whereas contractionary fiscal policy can be utilized to reduce the government spending and self-governing debt or to correct growth fueled by rapid inflation. Fiscal policy directly effects the government expenditure element and indirectly impacts the consumption and investment element. Monetary policy is permitted by central banks which manipulate the money supply in the economy. The money supply influences rates and inflation, both of which are major determinants of employment, cost of debt, and consumption levels. Expansionary monetary policy entails on the central bank to either buy Treasury notes on decreasing interest rates on loans to banks on reducing the reserve requirement. All of which increase the money supply and lead to lower

Cultures Essays - Gender Studies, Gender, Anthropology, Sex

Cultures Essays - Gender Studies, Gender, Anthropology, Sex Cultures - culture concept first clear definition developed by British anthropologist Sir Edward Burnett Tylor - examples of species of animals that lead a social existence without culture: ants, bees therefore, society can exist without culture, but culture cannot exist without society - no member of a society has exact version of his/her culture as another - gender: the meanings cultures assign to the biological differences of the sexes -therefore, ones sexual identity or gender is culturally constructed - gender differences are as old as human culture- about 2.5 mill. yrs. - arose from biological differences - relationships between food foragers are open although both sexes usually do not carry out same tasks - subculture: a distinctive set of standards & behavior patterns that a group within a larger society operates by - example of subculture: Amish (who rely on horse for transportation as well as agriculture & have their own set of ideas dissimilar as well as similar to the society) - old-order Amish originated in Austria and Moravia during Reformation- now mainly populate Ohio, Indiana & Pennsylvania - pluralistic societies: societies that have a diversity of cultural patterns -

The U.S. Security and identity during the Cold War Research Paper

The U.S. Security and identity during the Cold War - Research Paper Example This is the reason why U.S. presidents at the time of the Cold War era implemented a number of foreign policies in order to maintain that kind of reputation using mainly capitalism as a powerful tool. The United States, furthermore, viewed the Cold War era in a different perspective according to David Campbell. The Cold War era was not in any way a race towards economic supremacy masquerading in the form of capitalism evangelization but an assertion of their identity as American citizens. It is, moreover, an issue of security, not just about physical security but a security of their sacredly-held identities as a nation. Furthermore, this research also solidifies its claims using various literatures that provide a historical representation of the Cold War era. Its origin also has been debated by historians and social scientists, that is why, the researcher tries to present some of the theorized origins of the war in a brief and concise portion of this paper. Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................1 Outline of the Study..........................................................................................3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.........................................3 Research Question..........................................................................................4 Literature Review.............................................................................................4 The Cold War: Origin............................................................................4 Cold War Theories................................................................................5 The U.S. Foreign Policy during Cold War Period.................................7 Preliminary Research on the Topic.................................................................10 Methodology....................................................................................................11 Research Philosophy...........................................................................11 Research Design and Data Collection Method....................................12 Results............................................................................................................12 Discussion.......................................................................................................13 Conclusion......................................................................................................16 Works Cited....................................................................................................17 The U.S. Foreign Policy during the Cold War Period Outline of the Study This study is all about the identity and security status of the United States during the Cold War period. The first chapter is an introduction of the topic, its objective s, and the research question. The second chapter is a review of literature associated with U.S. foreign policy, issues of identity and security, and Campbell’s reading during the said era. The third chapter presents how the study was done. Lastly, the fourth chapter gives the conclusion, implications and recommendations for future studies. Introduction The United States foreign policy during the early Cold War era was not in any way about forwarding the national interest of the country, but on asserting its identity and secu

Obesity in Minority Children Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Obesity in Minority Children - Term Paper Example The paper â€Å"Obesity in Minority Children† discusses the issue of immigrant children who face the problem of obesity because they are exposed to a different lifestyle. Obesity puts adverse impact on the children who are fat as compared to other children of their age group. There exist some interventions, which nursing professionals can use to deal with the problem of obesity in minority children. Nursing professionals often deal with the cases of obesity in minority children. Interviews with some of the nursing professionals reveal that about 70 percent of the obese children did not use to do any physical exercise and just played video games for entrainment and watched television. Researches have proved that almost 55 percent of the obese children eat junk foods instead of eating fresh vegetables and fruits. The poor diet choice of such children increase the level of fat in the bodies of children making them overweight as compared to other children of their age who take bal anced diet daily. Nursing professionals can take some effective steps to deal with the problem of obesity in minority children. Some of the ways, which nurses can use, include creating awareness among children regarding use of fruits and vegetables instead of junk foods, stopping them from taking sugary drinks, promoting the importance of physical exercises among children, and making them adhere to the principles of good body mechanics. It is the role of the nurses to promote healthcare among children in order to prevent them from getting obese. Nurses can make parents aware of the healthy and nutritious diet, which they can give to their children. Nurses can also make parents aware of the necessity of physical exercises for their children. Nurses can advise the parents to engage their children in physical

Critically assess the elements of a successful e-commerce regulatory Essay

Critically assess the elements of a successful e-commerce regulatory model - Essay Example In the last 5 years, the government has contended that the introduction of several layers of regulation based on EU legislation into UK law has increased customer confidence in e-businesses3 and increased these businesses standards of good practice. The implementation of the Distance Selling directive into UK law was to inspire confidence and increase transactions in cross-border shopping, including the internet. The regulation cannot be contracted out and any inconsistencies between the terms of the contract and the regulations would make the contract void. It does not cover contracts relating to auctions, financial services or property and partial exemptions for accommodation, transport, catering or leisure services and goods intended for everyday consumption supplied by regular roundsmen. This information must comply with the principles of good faith in commercial transactions and the principles governing the protection of minors. However, Consumers Internationals5 research revealed that 1 in 5 sites failed to give clear total cost of the transaction despite the fact that the price of goods and services including all taxes must be provided. They have also found very few sites actually providing written information on the right to a contract withdrawal. Subject to the following exceptions , once the supplier has met his obligations relating to the provision of information, the consumer has at least 7 working days to cancel the contract without penalty (the cooling-off period6) : If the supplier fails to meet his obligations to provide information, this period is extended by 3 months. He also has 30 days to repay the amounts paid by the consumer and, in certain cases, may deduct from the refund the costs of recovering the goods. If the consumers payment card was fraudulently used, he may request cancellation of payment and reimbursement of the amounts paid. The burden of proof lies on the card issuer

A Study On Dividend Signaling Theories Finance Essay

A Study On Dividend Signaling Theories Finance Essay Introduction Dividend announcement is a significant event that is closely scrutinized by a firms important stakeholders such as investors and financial analysts. Typically, dividend announcement contains information that signals firms earnings condition. Consequently, financial markets may react to these information releases by directly affecting the announcing firms stock price. Finance literature suggests that dividend announcement affects a firms stock price. Stock price may react positively or negatively to dividend announcements. For example, Dewenter and Warther (1998) and Fukuda (2000) both provide evidence of a positive (negative) market reaction to dividend increases (decreases). Dividend signaling is a tool which investors can use to investigate the impact of dividend announcements on stock prices. Literature review is focused on dividend signaling and more specifically on the effect of dividend announcement to the stock price. Relatively to the literature review, it hasnt been directed any research attention about dividend signaling but it has been analyzed some empirical studies in an order to examine the stock price effect to dividend announcement in real markets. Moreover, the studies will be compared and analyzed, based on signaling theory, in an effort to explain further dividend signaling effect. The paper is organized as follows: Section 1 describes generally about dividend signaling based on empirical and theoretical evidence. Section 2 describes the analysis of some empirical studies and section 3 concludes the results of these studies. Signaling theory The signaling theory claims that dividends should reflect the managers superior inside information about the firms future earnings conditions. Future earnings and trigger price can change any time, therefore, managers use dividends as an instrument to signal their superior information about the changes in earnings conditions. (C. Chen and C. Wu, 1999). Signaling theory also predicts that higher dividends signal better earnings performance and therefore, lead to a higher market value of the firm (Kathleen P. Fuller, 2002). There are numeral studies about different scenarios for dividend signaling. Bhattacharya (1979) and Miller and Rock (1985) argue that when there are information asymmetries between firms and outside shareholders, it is possible to induce a signaling role for dividends. Furthermore, managers are well informed about dividends payments but they dont reveal always the necessary information about firms profitability to the shareholders. (As it is found in M. Donga, C. Robinson and C. Veld, 2005 p. 127) Miller and Modigliani (1961) claim, in their dividend signaling hypothesis, that firms increase dividends to convey positive information about earnings prospects. According to this hypothesis, dividend changes can be interpreted as forecasts of future profitability (as it is found in K. Harada, P. Nguyen, 2005, p. 504) Campbell and Shiller (1987) state that the stock price reflects all information about future dividends and therefore, stock price forecasts future dividends and any changes in the process of dividends affects the behavior of the future dividend.( as it is found in C. Chen and C. Wu, 1999, p.30) Consistent with theoretical predictions, studies support that when dividends are increased stock prices tend to increase and when dividends are decreased stock prices tend to decrease. Based on these studies there is a positive correlation between dividend and stock price. On the other hand, some researchers argue that there is not any significant relationship between dividend changes and stock price. Michaely, and Thaler (2002) counter-argue that dividends signal the past and not the future. (as it is found U. S. Dhillon et al, p.2) 2. Stock price reaction to dividend announcements According to financial literature about dividend signaling hypothesis, dividend increasing companies earn positive stock return and dividend decreasing companies earn negative stock return. To understand better this event, it is important to analyze some empirical studies about the market reaction to dividend announcements and to compare their results. Researchers use variable models of signaling dividends in an order to examine the influence of dividend announcement in the stock price. These studies attempt to reconcile the theory with the evidence by considering the fundamentals of numerous companies and detailing the context in which the dividend changes takes place. Generally, it has been examined what happens when the dividend increases and when the dividend decreases. REGULAR DIVIDENTS H. DeAngelo et al. ( 1996) have constructed a sample of 145 large firms by searching Compustats primary and research tapes for NYSE-listed firms (public utilities, limited partnerships, American depositary receipts (ADRs), and Canadian companies) with a decline in annual earnings that follows at least ten earnings reports indicating strictly increasing earnings, i.e., after nine or more consecutive annual earnings increases. According to this sample, they have analyzed the stock markets announcement, day and over longer horizon (1-3 years), reaction to firms dividend increases. Sample firms have experienced an economically small, but statistically significant average equity value increase ~ roughly one-half of 1% ~ when there was an announcement of dividend increase. These findings indicate a positive association among stock market views and dividend increases because the information that company provides, justify a higher quality value. (H. DeAngelo et al. ,1996) U. S. Dhillon et al (2003) have developed a sample of 1700 firms (updated on a quarterly basis) with dividend forecasts in the Value Line Investment Survey. Their analysis contains, among other items, forecasts of the dividend for the current calendar year (and, in some cases, the next year) along with the publication date. Consistent to dividend signaling hypothesis, they have focused on the results of stock price reaction, at a two-day cumulative excess return, to dividend announcements using two different methods. In their study, they have presented the stock price reaction for positive, negative and no dividend changes. Capturing on the fraction of the sample that reflects the analysts expectation of a dividend increase, it has been noted a strong market reaction to dividend increases. In other words it has observed that for positive dividend announcements there was a positive stock price reaction. In the case that the dividend decreases, there is a significant negative price rea ction meaning that for negative dividends announcements there was a negative price reaction. In this study is also be examined the announcements of no dividend changes. The sample, in this case, is divided into three sub-samples: (1) positive dividend surprises, when analysts expectations of a dividend decrease did not materialize, (2) negative dividend surprises, when analysts expectations of a dividend increase did not occur, and (3) no dividend surprise, when analysts forecast of no dividend change was met. The results have demonstrated a significant relation between dividend changes and market reaction. Furthermore, whether dividends increase or remain unchanged, a significant positive reaction is observed when announced dividends exceed analysts forecasts. In contrast, a significant negative price reaction is observed when announced dividends are below analysts forecasts, and the price reaction is insignificant when announced dividends match expectations. (U. S. Dhillon et al, 2003) K.P. Fuller (2003) has used a sample of firms with unexpected dividend increases announced and has examined how the trading behavior of various investors affect a firms need to employ dividend changes to signal private information to the market. He has hypothesized that insider buying (selling) prior to a dividend increase is associated with significant and positive (negative) price reactions. The results have supported that the greater the amount of informed trading, the lower the price reaction to a dividend signal. Further, the larger the buy demand relative to the sell demand prior to the signal, the smaller the price reaction to an unexpected dividend increase. (K.P. Fuller, 2003) K. Harada and P. Nguyen (2005) have examined the relationship between dividend adjustments and long-term stock returns for a large sample of Japanese firms, over three different holding periods. A very significant issue in the research is the conditions under which the adjustments take place using the model of dividend changes. Based on signaling hypothesis, there is a significant association between dividend changes and subsequent earnings. At the 12-month horizon, firms were expected to increase their dividends (about 3.5%) but risk adjusted returns were found significantly negative (about -2.7%). At the 24-month horizon, stock returns were found also negative for the firms that expected to increase dividends (about -2.5%). In this research, it has to be mentioned that the results are much less significant, at less than 5% level due to the larger dispersion of (risk-adjusted) returns. At the 36-month period, the firms that did not present the appropriate conditions for a dividend increase have displayed a negative stock performance of dividend-increasing (about -6.35%). But when the firm was expected to increase the dividend (under appropriate conditions) , there was resulted a significantly positive association between dividend increases and risk-adjusted returns (about +14.5%). Overall, the stock performance evaluated over 12-24 months appears that stock returns are consistent with improved profitability only after an extended period of 36 months. That happens because the information presents a good portrait of the company, after 1 or 2 years, and the market participants react positive to this favorable information. On the other hand, in the research was examined the dividend decreases and the relationship with the stock price. The researchers supported that there is a significant positive association between the dividend decreases and stock price. More specifically, at the 12-month horizon, it is noted that dividend reductions are associated with a positive market reaction. (about +2.3%). Over the time, it was observed a significant positive increase association (about 4.5%, from 2.3% at 12-month horizon to 6.8% at 36-month horizon). These results concern firms that decrease their dividends. Regarding the firms that are expected to decrease their dividends, at the 12-month horizon expected dividend reductions that have been implemented result a significantly positive abnormal return (about +3.12%) that continues to increase at the 24-month horizon (+5.98%). An interesting observation that is provided among the two types is that only the first type of expected dividend reductions is associated w ith a positive stock performance, whereas the second type does not generate a significant change in the firms value. (K. Harada, P. Nguyen, 2005) SPECIAL DIVIDENTS Brickley (1982, 1983) has examined how the special dividend announcement related with the stock price. He supported that when firms announce unanticipated special dividends the stock prices increase by about 2%. According to his study, investors treat special dividends as hedged managerial signals about future profitability, in a way that unanticipated specials are associated with weaker stock market reactions than are regular dividend increases of comparable size. He also claims that regular dividend increases have a significantly more favorable market impact than do unanticipated specials. (Brickley, 1983) H. DeAngelo et al. (2000) have studied the stock markets reaction to special dividends. Their study indicates that the sign of special dividend changes do not systematically convey significant information. They observed a positive average stock market reaction (about 1%) when firms increase special dividends. The results have shown that the stock market typically reacts positive to the special dividend increases. Furthermore, they found that the stock market typically reacts favorably to the fact that a special dividend is declared (holding regular dividends constant), but that the market reaction is not systematically related to the sign or magnitude of the change from one positive special dividend payment to another. (H. DeAngelo et al., 2000) Conclusion According to the dividend-signaling hypothesis (Miller and Modigliani, 1961), firms increase their dividends to signal a growth in subsequent earnings. Moreover, dividend increase announcement may have a significant effect in the stock market price. Therefore, a number of studies have been examined in an attempt to understand the relation between dividend announcement and stock price. Many researchers have analyzed dividend signaling effect, based on different models, and they have found almost the same results. H. DeAngelo et al. (1996), U. S. Dhillon et al (2003) and K. Harada and P. Nguyen (2005) have found a significant positive association between dividend increases announcement and stock price, contrary to K.P. Fuller (2003) that has found a significant negative association between dividend increases announcement and stock price response. Other researchers have examined how special dividend announcement affects stock price. Brickley (1983) and H. DeAngelo et al. (2000) have resulted that stock market typically reacts favorably to the declaration of a special dividend, holding the regular dividend constant. Furthermore they have found that the stock market response averages approximately 1%, both when firms increase specials and when they reduce them to a still-positive level. Overall, their data indicate that although special dividends generally convey good news to investors, any such signaling content is typically small. To assume, the signaling models that have been chosen predict a positive relationship between dividend (regular and special) changes and stock price reaction to the announcement. The results are related with the financial literature, which provides extensive evidence that stock prices react to dividend changes. Even though a great number of researchers have resulted a positive association between the two factors, there is a researcher that has supported a negative association between the factors and that has led some analysts to question the signaling role of dividends. Analysts claim that dividend signaling is a very important issue and that it is related with other factors too. For example, the greater the number of informed traders active in a firms stock, the less likely it is that the firm needs to signal its intrinsic value. To conclude, analysts must continue to study the dividend signaling effect and more specifically to examine other significant factors associated with divid end announcement.

Akai MPC2000 (MIDI PRODUCTION CENTER) Essay -- essays research papers

AKAI MPC2000 MIDI PRODUCTION CENTER   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The following is a summary of the advanced features of the AKAI MPC2000, which include a built in sampler, sequencer and more. Here is a detailed general description of the AKAI MPC2000. Large 248 x 60 dot LCD display with graphics. 6 functions keys under the LCD display provide various functions on each page. Built-in 1.44 megabyte floppy disk drive to store both sequences and sound data. Built-in SCSI interface for storing data to external hard disk. Here is a detailed description of the AKAI MPC2000’s built in sampler. 16-bit, 44.1kHz stereo sampling High capacity sound memory: 2 megabytes standard (22 seconds mono or 11 seconds stereo), expandable to 32 megabytes with SIMM memory. Digital sampling input for direct recording from digital sources with IB-M208P board. 128 sounds (samples) may be held in memory at one time. 32 simultaneous playback voices. The envelope or filter can be set for each sound. Optional multi-effects generator EB16 for versatile effects. Sample files may be loaded from AKAI S1000 and S3000 disks. IB-M208P (optional) enables you to mix and output internal sampler sounds from 8 individual outputs. A maximum of 24 programs (sound assignments and sound parameter settings) can be created. A selection between poloyphonic (multiple sounds are overlaid when the same sound is played continuously) or mono (the second sound silences the first). It is possible to stop the playing of a so...